Analyze an organizations media communication activities Essay Example for Free

Analyze an organizations media communication activities Essay The objective of this project is to analyze an organizations media communication activities. The work must use concepts, models, and theories to support and critical the companys website. It should be critically assess + evaluate and use strategy to analyze. The author should review it as a marketing professional specialist and knows how, when, and where the organization use digital media to communicate with its audience, customer, stakeholder, and public. Executive Summary: PO Cruises uses a maturity website to distribute and communicate (Fill, 2002). It is a fabulous website that uses a lot of tools from personal communications (PCs) to support their offline marketing (Hartley, 1999). Once customers surf its website, they could get information they need easily. The website becomes a distributed channel for the business. It is in the highest level of scenario 4 (Doren, 2000). Information on website is variety and useful that helps offline media and lures more customers to join the PO Cruises with rational exchange (Fill, 2002). PO Cruises Background PO Cruises is one of the cruises belonging to Carnival Corporation PLC. There are 13 distinct brands of cruises all over the world are operating by Carnival Corporation PLC; PO is one of them. PO is not as same as its name belongs to the PO group (Peninsula and Oriental steam Navigation Company); for it was demerged into Carnival public limited company on 23 October 2000, and has changed its name to Carnival Public limited company on 17 April 2003. PO Cruises now is the largest premium cruise brand in the United Kingdom. See the list as below. Carnival Corporation Princess Cruises Carnival plc PO Cruises were belong to Ocean Village PO Princess. Swan Hellenic Cruises plc AIDA PO Cruises Australia Carnival Cruise Lines Holland America Line Windstar Cruises Seabourn Cruise Line Costa Cruises Cunard Line AROSA Main Report: Marketing mix Product PO Cruises currently owns four types of ships Aurora, Oriana, Oceana and Adonia. Each of them gives different atmosphere and personality to customers. They are service, facility and quality oriented. Mostly, customers who are attracted to join PO Cruises are through travel agencies to get tickets no matter a set of schedule or connections with flights or another cruise. If customers who are interested in PO Cruises, PO Cruises also use different brochures to introduce its products to them. PO Cruises builds a marvelous introduction of its products on the website. There is a column of their ships in directories of its website introducing each of ships details by clicking any icon of them (Chaffey, 2000). There are also other links connecting to these four ships that makes customers easily check to PO Cruises ships (main products) whenever they want. The website builds a good cognitive environment to customers who are like ship, boat, cruise, and adventure. Most fantastically, customers could find what each deck looks like by 360i panoramic tour. After customers learn about these ships, they enable to feel more about these ships by fun stuff sector, which involved games, videos, and pictures (screensaver and wallpapers) to addict customers affective (Fill, 2002). Promotion PO Cruises is not a company which uses all of the marketing communication tools to communicate with its target audience, but it uses its promotion tools well to achieve its customer needs and to explore its market opportunities (Chaffey, 2000). 5 main elements of the promotional or communications mix of PO Cruises are analyzed as below (Fill, 2002): 1. Advertising (Off-line) PO Cruises has TV advertising displaying during summer time or the beginning of the year. Customers who havent seen the advertisement on TV could also enjoy the advertisement on PO Cruises website; to the Fun Stuff-Videos to view the version of its Sh-boom advertisement. Its an advertisement with affective (Fill, 2002). Besides TV advertising, PO Cruises posts its advertising on newspaper as well. (On-line). There are many agencies selling PO Cruises tickets on line; they help PO Cruises build a perfect advertisement system. If someone who is interested in cruises, they will easily find out the name of PO Cruises on many websites building by travel agencies. Customers are able to easily book a cruise through any ABTA travel agent; there are about 16 agents linking to PO Cruises and helping customers to book tickets in different areas. Although many websites all connecting to the name of PO Cruises, it is difficult for people who want to buy the ticket right through PO Cruises website. 2. Sales promotion (Off-line) (On-line) PO Cruises is targeted. It divides into consumers and the sales forces of both PO Cruises and its agents (Fill, 2002). The sales promotion PO Cruises uses is by the timing when customer book for their tickets. The earlier they book for cruises, the more discount they will have. It uses the method of price reductions to motive its sales in the early stage (Fill, 2002). PO Cruises also sets up the Portunus Club for customers who re-join to the PO Cruises. There are Ruby, Sapphire, and Gold tiers for different types of customers. Customers could get points for their discounts when they had joined the cruises and also discounts to any other consumption on the ship. The method builds customer royalty; it is referred to as a points accrual programme that helps the company keep customers loyalty for preventing them from moving to PO Cruises competitor (Fill, 2002). The Portunus Club has not only increased the amount of customers, but also maintained those current customers well (Raaij, 1998). 3. personal selling (Off-line) PO Cruises tickets are sold through personal selling or other travel agencies. Customers buying tickets can either from agencies or directly make a phone call to the PO Cruises as the telemarketing. It is a good method for the company itself uses lots of personal selling on promotes their ticket, for it is a method always interactive to customer and company. And Consumers may talk to and obtain answers from real persons or from machine interaction that helps PO Cruises directly being aware of what customers wants and what they need (Raaij, 1998). (On-line) On the website, customers who are interested in any trip and willing to join the tour could book on line by leaving the messages to the reservation team. Besides, its very easy for customers to find the ticket selling on website from different agencies in different areas, and then buy the ticket based on customer needs. 4. public relations (Off-line) The means of PR of PO Cruises is announcing news on newspapers. It mostly tells people about its schedules, timetables and its new ship or company information on travel pages or events column. PO Cruises owns a press center to run for its news. (On-line) Customers could also find out their news through news websites, travel agents or the websites connect to sailings, such as, what you need to about or scoop agents (two website names). Moreover, there are numbers of news PO Cruises showed to the public and listed on its own website. It is press centre in the company section. For people who are interested in to PO Cruises and want to know more about its reputation, besides company introduction, they could attain more information on this section. 5. direct marketing (Off-line) (On-line) PO Cruises uses direct marketing through ABTA agents and many other travel agencies where they sell cruises tickets. It connects to personal selling to use different types of tools to achieve the needs of customers. It uses e-mail (member confirm) and through post-mail (brochure sending) to directly send the information to customers. Â  Place PO Cruises, the Britains leading cruise operator, customer aboard its shipping at Southampton, UK or fly on a scheduled or PO Cruises charter flight to any of its 25 destinations all over the world. All ships cruise Europe in the summer, and in winter Aurora and Adonia embark on round the world cruises while Oceana and Oriana tour the Caribbean. Places are stabile in different places by annual schedules; depended on where customers plan to go abroad. The headquarters is in Southampton, but usually people usually book tickets at agencies instead of heading for PO Cruises office. If people who would like to book tickets online, they could go to www. pocruises. com or through links on any ABTA agents to buy tickets. Agents are viewed as the PO Cruises retailers. This method helps PO Cruises reach its sale targets by selling tickets to many other segments in different areas and places. The channel of its distribution is producer retailers consumers (Blythe, 1998). Price PO Cruises sets its price at the moment when customers buy tickets. The company uses different brochures to attract customer to join its cruises business. Customers could save as much as money if they book earlier according to the timetable set up by PO Cruises. Customers could save up to 5%~45% discounts for early booking, depending on availability, and its reward for those who book early. PO Cruises named it as pricebreakers. Besides, price differs from different cabin type and grade that customers choose. It is very easy for customers to find the price on the website or by the brochure which customers could also easily get by request online. * DRIP PO Cruises (model by Fill, 2002). PO Cruises communications have need to: Differentiates itself by it is one of the oldest cruises company which form of British to attract customers who enjoy in English style. Remind and reassure its customers by telling them that the leisure cruising business was started by PO in 1844. The step helps the company acquire trust from customers Oldest = standard = traditional (British) ? Inform the consumers by educating them that PO Cruises is the company with offering high quality but middle-low price to customers Persuade to the consumers that althouthg PO Cruises is the oldest company, it has most modern fleet of ships in the UK. Scenarios In order to know how a company created a website on line to present its own products through the internet, the company needs to define the level of commitment it wants to reach (Doren, 2000). There are 4 possible scenarios for promoting on the internet. PO Cruises is belonging to the highest level 4, because it offers on-line ordering of products and services. The product PO Cruises supplies to customer is not the tangible things that customers could touch but services and facilities on cruises. So the company tries to present its product through the website. PO Cruises uses web cam, lots of 360i panoramic tour and many of pictures on its website to interact with users. Moreover, there are images, screensavers and wallpapers of its 4 ships for customers to download. The usages of multimedia presentations also reach facilitation as a web promotion; it enables a more personal, one-on-one approach with the internet user (Doren, 2000). According to the four possible scenarios lists, PO Cruises does make a high extensive interaction with its customers through its website. The web site of PO Cruises may be high costs, but it could attract more customers order on line.

Change In The Organization Weatherford International Ltd Management Essay

Change In The Organization Weatherford International Ltd Management Essay This study is focused on the topic management of change in organization. The basic learning outcome of this assignment is related to understand the change management process in organization. For this assignment the company chosen is Weatherford International Ltd. First of all the background of change that exists in todays economies and organisations is discussed. Then the key strengths and weaknesses of autocratic organisation are given in bullet points. After that the last part of first task, organisational development and its alternative forms are discussed in detail. Then the key stakeholders are identified from the Weatherford International and some of the tools and techniques to involve them in the change management process are suggested. Under the change management model topic, comparison of three major change management models is given, and then Kotters change management was suggested and discussed in detail for the implementation of on-going change in Weatherford Internationa l. The last section of this assignment is for the conclusion and some of the recommendations for chosen company. Background of change From the last decade, the world is changing dramatically than ever before. A chain of interrelated national trades in which businesses compete with each other on a really global basis. Maximum organizations are experiencing considerable changes in the manner they are managed do trading. These changes are influenced by many factors such as the degree of globalisation, changing technology, political, social economic changes at numerous different stages. These changes are happening speedily, unwillingly companies would never be the similar in structure or practice as a consequence. The continuous advancement in technology such as internet, communications technologies has made the world as a global village. Because of the several communication and collaboration tools, concept of virtual organization has emerged and physical presence is getting less important. The other influencing factor is the changing role of international bodies like world trade organization and international monet ary fund (IMF). The IMF has forced many countries to go through economic reforms. Because of the increasing globalization, many multinational companies are choosing the strategic business options of mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances which have changed the way of doing businesses. The chosen organization for this study Weatherford International has also been gone through many mergers and acquisitions activities over last two decades. Few other change factors are like change in the consumers lifestyles and taste, competitive pressure to cut costs through economies of scale, use of outsourcing strategies for operational activities to low cost countries etc. Bureaucratic Organisation Max Weber first used the word bureaucracy. According to him, bureaucratic organisation is an official business with standardized set of rules and procedures which everyone within the organisation should follow. Though Weber had advocated this form of organisation structure, there are some disadvantages as well. Some of the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucratic organisation are discussed below. Strengths Bureaucratic organisation has got more control and monitoring through centralization system of decision making. Decision making is easy process by top management As processes are standardized, everyone has to follow the procedures and rules. Defined hierarchy of organization structure and clear rules and norms Weaknesses Due to its rigid structure, lot of chance of inefficiencies. Lack of innovation and flexibility Lesser employee participation and involvement Poor channel of communication and it is time consuming Delaying change or adaption Organization Development Organization Development (OD) theoretically defined as the planned efforts to bring change in organization to control and manage processes and people more effectively. It is also defined by another theorist as the fundamental change to fix the problems or improving the process or procedure. This OD program is specific for organization such as one change which is more relevant for one company and it is totally irrelevant for the other. Thus, this OD program is specifically applicable for particular organization. These are few objectivise of OD programs which shows that these program vary according to specific situation, but the objective of OD program remain same consistent. The alternative forms of organisational development are discussed below Quality development The first form of organisational development is through continuous quality improvements. The quality development can be achieved through various quality management systems like Total Quality Management, Six Sigma, Kizen, Quality Circles. This form focuses on four areas including customer, employee involvement, result based decision making, and integrated quality improvements. Now a day many of the organisations are adopting this form of organisational development. Technological development The increasing use of Internet, electronic mail Web conferencing tools have formed the capability of working together through time space within among the organizations. The technological development has renovated the organizational atmosphere and also the arena of Organization Development. At present there are 3 generally known technology application in organisational development: 1. Measurable, database valuation tools, like surveys feedback from members of staff. 2. Communications, collaborations and teamwork, which also include information sharing, document management. 3. Development of employees management through online training. OD specialists using technology more and more in their everyday work. Structural development This form of organizational development include variations in how the whole work of an organisation is distributed into different parts, reporting structure, means of control, the structure and arrangement of tools individuals, work flow measures etc. The structural development also includes removing or adding layer of hierarchy in the organization, restructuring through downsizing or redundancy, centralization or decentralization. This form redesigns the structures of organization and creates new relationships which results into improved performances. In order to cope with the changes in external environments, organization has to respond with making appropriate structural changes. The various organisational development interventions are as follows- Survey feedback: Through this activity, managers can get the important information and data about the various aspects related to employees. The data and information received through this form on employees attitude, their salary/wages level, working hours and conditions and also the relations with the employees is provided to the upper management. The top executives analyse the data and catch out the problems, assess the outcomes develop the alternatives to solve the problem. Process Consultation: Under this organizational development activity the process consultant meets various work teams and department members, interacts with them and detects the problem solving ways. The process consultant then provides the team with the data, information gathered via interactions, coaching, individual counselling and observations for shaping the behaviour of team members. Setting Goals Planning: Goals and plans are set by every department within an organization for productivity profitability. They send these goals and plans to the upper level. The top management then send them back to each division for further modification and after some amendments the goals for the whole organization are thus set. Managerial grid: The managerial grid classifies a variety of management conduct depending upon the various means that how operations oriented workforce oriented statuses interrelate with each other. These OD intervention emphases on the observations of behaviour in trainings explicitly associated with work. The training participants are motivated assisted to evaluate their own decision-making style. Team building- This organization development intervention consists of an application of several methods of Sensitivity training given on the job to the real working teams in different divisions within the organisation. This training is formulated to develop the skill of workers to work together as team. The organisational development activities discussed above helps in making the change happen smoothly through one of the three organisational development forms (Quality, Technological and structural). My Chosen Company- Weatherford International Ltd Weatherford International Ltd is the public listed company having products and services related to natural gas wells and crude oil processing. It is a multinational company having presence in above 100 countries and more than 43000 workers throughout the Globe. From last twenty years the company has been acquiring many companies. It also had couple of mergers such as Enterra in 1995 and Energy Ventures in 1998. External Drivers of change in Weatherford International Merger and acquisition of so many organizations in past few years forces the company to pursue a change in operations. To follow the financial regulations of SOX, this automation process will provide sufficient security to its information system. To have better customer management and supplier management system the change is needed. Internal drivers of change in Weatherford International Staff utilization is leading Weatherford to change its internal policies. The company was lacking a system for control and status updates. They required an automated solution implementation of an agreement procedure development initiative to back up business process re-engineering develop the working atmosphere. (The Corptax, 2008). Stakeholders The word stakeholder means anyone that has interest in the outcome of a programme/project. A legal, moral or economic stake/interest in an activity. Some stakeholders have more interest than others, but that is also changing. Major stakeholders in Weatherford International Top management- This includes the board of directors Employees: One of the key stakeholders of Weatherford International is employees. This includes the senior managers at corporate offices and the operating staff. Customers: The customers are the key stakeholder group in Weatherford who will affect with the change process. Suppliers: Suppliers are also one of the key stakeholders as they play major role in effective utilisation of resources. Governments- Local authorities and national, international governments Investors- Small and large shareholders General public Environmentalists Among these classified stakeholders the most powerful and influential stakeholder is employees. Among employees there are categories in which, Senior Management at corporate office are most powerful but less impacted by the change. On the other hand the employees of regional division are less powerful and highly impacted by the change. To build the good productive working relationships with the stakeholders, the company first needs to understand the degree of interests and powers of each stakeholder. This can be done by using a stakeholders mapping tool. Secondly to establish a simple and effective communication system by keeping the message and information as simple and short as possible to avoid overload. Show trust and faith in all stakeholder groups. Listen to all the stakeholders carefully. Consulting with the stakeholders is another method by which management can gather information from others by discussing with others about what action to take in particular circumstances. It means finding out their views and opinions before deciding what to do. Effective management of stakeholder relations during a change process calls for early, clear, and consistent communications. All the stakeholders must be properly informed of potential impacts and benefits of the developments and get their engagement in various projects. To the degree possible, try to provide information on the purpose, timing, and nature of the changes proposed; the anticipated environmental and socioeconomic consequences of relevance to specific stakeholder groups; and the ways in which different stakeholder groups can participate in planning, implementation, and monitoring. The actual decision-making process needs to be made more participatory to ensure that all decisions regarding the development are widely supported and understood. Consultation can help the management to identify the priorities which stakeholders have. This can benefit management as it can highlight the factors which are likely to be most important to the stakeholders and to which management should pay most attention. Change management models There are many change models researched and documented by different scholars. For this assignment three change models are discussed including Kanters model, Kotters 8 step transformation model and Lucckes change model. The following comparison of all three models is taken form the Todnem research study. Source: Todnem research study Kanter defines the first step as the analysis of organization and needs for change, Kotters defined as the developing the urgency for change and lastly Luccke defined the identification of business problems. While, these steps are common in among all these three theoretical models shown in above diagram such as creating vision for change, leadership and create policy. Also, According to the research of Todnem organizational change management process is basically divided into following major phase of plan, action, implementation and measure change performance. John Kotters 8 step change model According to Kotters model, the following steps describe the change implementation procedure. Kotters 8 step Change model, Source: www.Leadershiphub.com Business Process re-engineering- This change model was first invented by the duo Michael Hammer and James Champy in 1990. According to them business process re-engineering is not for the smaller changes, rather it is for the radical change. It helps to dramatically improve the different business processes within the organisation such as customer service, reduce operational costs. The role of information technology is vital in implementation of BPR change model. The other change models include- ADKAR model for change- This model depends upon awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. Kubler Ross change model On-going changes in Weatherford International Changes in the business process operations Automation and integration of different processes and workflows Changes in organisations structure due to on-going merger and acquisition activities Implementation of Change Model for on-going change in Weatherford International Ltd Weatherford International Ltd can use either business process re-engineering change model or the Kotters 8 step model to implement on-going changes in the organisation. My suggestion is to implement the Kotters change model which is discussed in detail as below. Step #1: Create the sense of Urgency The step of Kotters model suggests creating sense of urgency among the stakeholders. Unless there is a genuine concern, and the purpose well perceived, the implementation process may not have great implications and the outcome would not match the desired expectations. Primarily, the stakeholders who have greater influence on the business operations, for example, some key employee of Weatherford International Ltd , and in general the rest of them should be motivated, encouraged to participate. Step # 2: Form a Powerful Coalition by identifying key power points. Every organisation has a common culture and values which is shared by almost all the stakeholders including the outsiders such as suppliers and even customers in certain extent. Within this board organisational cultural frame work, there exists sub culture of group of same standing or position. For example: a team of 15 members with its line managers. The line manager can identify a key employee within the team who are influential and have a certain commanding. The line manager can include these members of team and form a strong coalition to influence the others team members. Naturally such a formation would compel others in the team to oblige. Step # 3: Creation of Vision for the Change implementation As much its a fact that plans well drawn help in proper and systematic execution of a project, so is the psychological factor involved in the execution. Every person requires a sense of purpose and share a vision for self- motivation. Change management would not be effective unless a clear vision is shared among the participants. The vision should be associated with better results, improvement in the present system and the benefits that can occur to the participants, and in general. The leaders should consistently engage in sharing the vision, reinstating it through various means. Training can be provided regularly, update ad sharing of vital information on new developments , all these have to be undertaken quite effectively to see desired results. Step # 4: Communicating the Vision through effective channels to the stakeholders Once the vision is identified, it should be clear communicated to the stakeholders of Weatherford International Ltd. The vision should be easily comprehendible even by ordinary person of understanding. It should be able to be broken down or give the clear direction for future action plan, the expectations of the outcome. Training can be provided regularly, update ad sharing of vital information on new developments , all these have to be undertaken quite effectively to see desired results. Ineffective communication channel or vague message would back fire the entire effort, and lead to huge wastage of resources. Step # 5: Remove Obstacles Obstacles are evident to emerge very often, no matter how well the change implementation process in designed to its core. Obstacles should always serve an opportunity to learn more about the challenges of the change process. It would that the organisation remain focused on the design, make appropriate changes to the action plans without losing the focus on the pre determined goals. A proper framework for addressing problems should be setup, each one participating in the system should clearly understand the hierarchy of authority , roles and responsibilities , so that , in the event of unexpected occurrence they should easily be able to resolve or approach the designated forum. Obstacles can be due to changes in the internal factors or external factors influencing the Weatherford International Ltds business operations and organisation. Step # 6: Create Short-term Wins In the change process management, there are objectives which are short term and long term. Weatherford International Ltd should indentify short term tasks, which can be achieved in a shorter duration. When undertaking a radical change process, it always advisable to create short term wins. The wins situation should be communicated with all the stakeholders the small victories would reinstate the faith of the stakeholders in the change system and motivate them in participating actively. This said the system should have a proper framework for to compensate and reward the participants who have actively got involved and have achieved the desired results to promote the change management in the direction. The change management along with proper implementation procedure would also require that employees are recognized within the organisation and accordingly rewarded. As a result, a good performance and sincere indulgence would be associated with personal benefits. Step # 6: Building on the Change Change is not a onetime process, but a continuous effort starting from the day the organisation mandates it until the environment surrounding the organisation is in a state of rest, which is impossible given the dynamics of the factors that influence Weatherford International Ltds business operations. Change process is a continuous effort, evaluate the short terms wins and leverage on it for the next level. Success got at the initial stage should not be considered as the final victory. Step # 6: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture In a long term, change management should be imbibed into the main stream organisational culture. In a long and continuous effort of change management, the process should eventually be observed into the main stream culture of the organisation. For changes to be a part and parcel of the organisational culture, the leaders should regularly alert and create awareness about the existence of the change management that is deeply rooted in every organisational activity. The perception of change management should become an inseparable part of the organisational culture in a long run; this in turn would create a platform and facilitate any major undertaking in the future. Expected Improvement after successful implementation of change If the Kotters change model is implemented successfully in the Weatherford International Ltd for the on-going change, there would be some long term benefits. The very first improvement would be in the overall business operations of Weatherford including operational efficiencies, service quality, supply chain management, reduction in wastages and cost of production and thus increase in profits. The other major improvement would be in changing companys strategic vision. The company would have clear long term vision and direction. This would boost the confidence of all stakeholders. The last but most important improvement after the change programme would be the cultural change within the organisation. Basic values and ethics in business operations shaped alongside throughout the change process would be absorbed into the organisational culture. It would serve as motivation and sense of purpose for the employees and other stakeholders to achieve and contribute to the organisational goals. Conclusion Because of the mergers, acquisitions, globalisation, revolutions in information technologies, the world is changing so rapidly. Hence in order to stay competitive, every organisation has to adapt some sort of on-going change programme. It can be concluded from this study that, because of the vibrant nature of todays businesses and world economies, it is imperative for every organisation to implement one of the change models discussed for on-going changes. If the Weatherford International, successfully implements the change programme through Kotters change model, company would receive far more long term benefits and competitive advantages over its competitors. There are some barriers to change such as resistance to change by the stakeholders, not having clear vision for change. So in order to make it happen, company needs to engage its stakeholders through stakeholder mapping process. Stakeholder engagement is a challenge and a complex and time consuming process. Working with and lear ning from other partners and stakeholders can only serve to maximise impact, reduce fatigue and reduce cost. The company would also use the various organisational development forms to make the change process even easier. Recommendations Leadership; Leadership style shows the way the organisation will be managed. The multinational corporation like Weatherford International Ltd, the company leadership should develop a strong vision and positive attitude and culture within the organisation. Empowerment and Delegation- This involves the giving of power to your team members. At Weatherford International teams needed to be empowered by letting them use their own initiatives at tackling tasks that have been awarded to them. This form an effective global structure as it causes all team members to feel very well a part of the decision making process. Effective communication As the company operations are spread over 100 countries, they should develop a strong communication system across whole organisation. Electronic communication and collaboration technology can affect both task and social dynamics positively and negatively. The company need to opt for the latest gadget on the market to enable its team and network perform to standard or above.

Designing A House :: essays research papers

This report is being written as if you were to fully design my senior project. These are all the steps and procedures you would need to take to properly design it. First thing you would need to do would be identifying specific landmarks of surrounding land or lot. You would note down anything and roughly measure marks approximate to house location, this way you would have a general idea of where the house would be. If there are no big landmarks, such as nearby houses or roads - you should note small markings such as trees or pathways, anything to help you identify the location of the house. Also, you should note climate, that can be a factor. After you’ve surveyed the entire scene you should write down all ideas having to do with what the house will need to be habitable and reference surrounding buildings for notes. For example if a building near the house lot has a high angled roof, that could be because of heavy snow or rainfall. Don’t be afraid to ask questions or extensivly look up ideas. Next will come your rough draft, this is basically self explanatory. You will create preliminary sketches of floor plan with rough dimensions, and sketch a view of the house dimensioned from landmarks. The information on your rough sketch does not have to be exact, but it must be more informative then the notes you had taken earlier. After getting specifics from the consumer, you will begin to construct your floor plan. Day, 2 While it is your (our) job to create convinience and simplicity in the house design, you must consider the consumers ideas and needs. When you do this plan you must label all doors with Door tags, these will be used later. When putting dimensions in your floor plan make sure they are specific and detailed. Try not to over dimension, but do not underdimension, carefully check every dimension, to see if it was duplicated or noted beforehand. Now will come the basement plan, dimension everything accordingly and show all needed floor supports. The needs for this house are different because of it's large design, lolly columns are neccisary. Label everything. When your done with the basement and floor plans you should construct a electrical plan and plumbing plan, the electrical plan is necessary in this project, but the plumbing is not. "Now day's you count on a licenced plumer to come in, they are the experts and they'll know whats

The Role Of Husband And Wife In The Middle Ages :: essays research papers

Many pamphlets and books were written during the reformation era which explained how to be a good wife or husband. At this time there was a widespread change in the way people viewed the roles of husbands and wives. Reformation thinkers believed that the role of the man in a marriage was to care for the needs of his family by providing for their shelter, food, and safety. The role of the woman in the marriage was to support the male, take care of the household, and raise the children. Neither the male or the female were considered to be higher than the other in the marriage. As Ozment states in When Fathers Ruled, the husband's duties were to ensure his families well-being and to rule over his family and servants with a firm hand.1 The bad husband was one that had no self control because without self control the husband could not provide for the family properly. A bad wife was one who did not know or respect her place in the family. Ozment writes that many reformer thinkers believed that the husband should have the rule in the household. This is because " a wife required proper deference... Because of her perceived physical and temperamental weakness, compared to men; magnanimity, pati ence, and forbearance befitted the superior nature and position of men."2 Reformation thinkers believed that husband and wife were on the most part equal with the male heading the household because of his stronger characteristics. The ideas of the reformation thinkers on the roles of husband and wife differ in some ways to the ideas of their roles today. In the eyes of some the man is still the head of the household. More so the husband is considered to be a figure head in today's family. The man is seen to have the power in a relationship but in reality the power of both husband and wife is for the most part equal. In some instances the woman is considered to have more say or power over the family. In present times more women are going out into the job fields and making as much as if not more money then their husbands. In this essence the roles of husband and wife have switched since that of the reformation era. Today what makes a bad husband is much the same as it was in the reformation era.

Running Away

That night, she peered at me with eyes that was hanging out of her sockets and then said quietly that i could stay at her house. We strolled along the windey road waiting to see any of our other friends from school we saw a few but no one we wanted to hang around with; i was cold and so was Sarah we decided to go home we walked for miles †¦ well it seemed like miles my legs were aching and my back was killing i had shooting pains right from the top all the way to the bottom! We got to Sarah's house and to our amazment Sarah's mum wasn't in we decided to make a comfy spot for us to sit while her mum came home †¦ it was like we had been sat there for hours in the background we could hear the church bells ringing we listened carefully to hear each chime we counted the chimes; something didn't add up right both of us counted 10 chimes we starred at each other for at least 30 seconds we were amaized †¦ Sarah said in a quiet voice † where's my mum im getting scared?† I thought to my self i know the feeling †¦we sat there a while longer to see if she turned up when we could hear a rumbling noise from the drain pipe †¦ it was like someone was in the house †¦Sarah knew there couldnt have been anyone in the house because when she tried the door earlier it wouldnt open! I was so scared We sat there a little longer; I couldn't feel my feet and the end of my fingers were numb. I couldn't believe how long we had been out for. â€Å"Do you have any sweets, my blood sugar is going down† I searched my pockets and my bag I had nothing † I haven't got anything im sorry† I whispered in a shivery voice. Sarah had diabetes and couldn't go for very long with out food, I looked at Sarah she appeared tired and gloomy I thought she might be upset with me â€Å"Sarah† I said quietly â€Å"are you upset with me† she didn't answer I turned around and asked her again Sarah had passed out. NOW I WAS FRIGHTENED. I was alone; I rummaged through my bag and found one sweet. A deep red aniseed ball, I looked at Sarah. I knew she needed it more than me, so I sat her up against the wall and placed the aniseed ball on her tongue. Nothing happened†¦after a few seconds her eyes started to flutter â€Å"mum† Sarah called out, â€Å"Sarah its me, im here, are you ok?† she mumbled a few words I couldn't make out what she was trying to say. I asked her to repeat the what she said â€Å"the foot mat in front of the garage, there is a key for the front door† I ran to the garage lifted the mat and there was a key I picked it up and scrambled back. We stood up slowly put the key in the door and turned it, we walked in slowly. Sarah looked into the living room and started screaming†¦ I turned not knowing what I was going to see and Sarah's mum was slumped in the chair alone. She had passed away†¦

Effect of social media on Family time Essay

As human beings we need to socialise and communicate with others. Of all the relations that we have in life, the most precious and strong are the ones with our families. Many a times during adversities when the closest of friends may leave us, our families – parents, siblings, spouses, children etc. are those who stand by us, giving all the support that we need. With the passing of time and evolving of technology, social media has creeped into our lives as an integral part. Having both good and bad sides, I think social media on our family time effects in connecting family members that are far away, creating distance among close family members and breaking of relationships. Connecting with family, relatives or even friends that live abroad is one of the greatest ways social media helps keep the bonds alive. In the past when a child would go abroad to study or when any family member would travel for a certain purpose, their family behind could only hope to hear from them via ha ndwritten letters. Thereafter came about telephone calls and then came e-mails. Now in this era, with people posting about their daily activities on social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter, the families or parents are well updated regarding their loved ones. Many lost childhood friends are easily found and reconnected. Moreover a growing number of married couples are seen to have found each other on some form of social networking sites. Serving well in its purpose of connecting people, social media does also cause distancing of those who are close to us. Too much of anything is bad. Balanced amount of time given in social networking can be good but when we spend hours after hours on it, we often see ourselves distancing from direct family. How often it is seen that a teenager or young adult remains busy on his or her phone completely ignoring their parents or siblings or having minimal conversations with them.

Qualitative Research Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Qualitative Research Appraisal - Essay Example The researchers presented a clear rationale for the research, setting it in context of any current issues and knowledge of the topic to date. Aside from this they have presented adequate information for the review of related literature to back up readers regarding any existing or past researches with the same topic. The review of related literature of the research article is a focused summary of what has already been published regarding the question or problem for which there is a gap in knowledge. The literature of the research article gives the readers' a picture of what is already known or has already been studied in relation to the problem and identifies where the gaps in knowledge may be. (Caldwell, 2005) The literature review in the research being critiqued does not necessarily only include published research studies. It also may include published reports about issues related to practice or a description of a theory. (Babbie, 2004) A theory is a written description of how several factors may relate to and affect one each other. The factors described in a theory are usually abstract: that cannot be readily observed and immediately defined and recognized by everyone. The research report of the article used discusses a theory in its introduction section, the study tests and further explains the relationships proposed in that theory. The meta-category perspective is used in the research report. (Fischer, 2005) It is expected that the study will be based on this, and that is to examine some aspect of life events and perceptions affect the variables in the research. The literature review should reflect the current state of knowledge relevant to the study and identify any gaps or conflicts. It should include key or classic studies on the topic as well as up to date literature. There should be a balance of primary and secondary sources Related studies, on the other hand, are studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses, and dissertations. (Creswell, 2003) Since the study is based on existing theory, then the researcher already has an idea of what relationships to be found. These ideas are stated in the form of a hypothesis, a prediction regarding the relationships or effects of selected factors on other factors. For any study to include a hypothesis there must be some knowledge bout a problem of interest so that the researchers can propose or predict that certain relationships or effects may occur. The research provided two sections for the hypotheses: Life stage (age) hypotheses and Country culture hypotheses. (Fawcett, 2004) Identify ethical issues related to the study and how they were/were not addressed. Ethical issues pertinent to the study are discussed. The researchers identified how the rights of informants have been protected and informed consent obtained. The patients who participated in the study were informed regarding the purpose of the research and approval was sought from them prior to the interviews. Health service research committees were responsible for getting the permission of these patients. (Fowler, 2002) The information regarding and confidentiality of the study were